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Cancer cells are psychopaths. They have no respect for the rights of other cells. They violate the democratic principles of normal cellular organization. 

 

 

Their proliferation is uncontrolled and their ability to spread is unbounded.Their inexorable relentless progress destroys first the tissue and then the host.

 

Cancer occurs when normal human cells become rogues escaping the normal cellular controls elaborate (involve) certain factors which make them grow unchecked and the ability to invade other tissues and grow. Simply put Cancer starts when cells in our body "divide out of control".

 

When these cells stays in one place then it becomes a tumour, which is relatively easy to treat by surgery.  But when it grows and spread around the body it makes treatment more difficult.

 

Normal cells divide and die but cancer cells divide and go on and on till they out grow their food supply.

 

Cancer affect every cell of the body

 

A recent american study says that getting cancer is as a result of a chance mutation in your cells with certain genetic and environmental factors enhancing it.

 

Hereditary cancers: breast, colon but the catch here is if a first degree relative i.e. mother, father or sister get a cancer the chances of you getting it increases.

 

Prostate cancer is the cancer that affect a gland that produce part of the seminal fluid in the semen of men it is common in men 40yrs and above so after 40 you do yearly PSA levels prostatic specific antigen whose levels increase in cancer

 

The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and stomach cancer, and

 

In females, the most common types are breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer

 

In children acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and brain tumors are most common except in Africa where non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often.

 

Alcohol and smoking accounts for more men with stomach cancer than females

 

The risk factors of developing cancer: Obesity, not giving birth early, xrays and radiation, benzene exposure, tobacco, aflatoxins mold contaminated foods, alcohol, hepatitis b infection, Herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus, fatty foods, salt and smoked foods.

 

How to prevent cancer (3 stages);

 

Primary stage involves the effort to reduce or eliminate exposure to carcinogens

 

Secondary consists of screening and early detection programmes 

 

Tertiary consists of treatment of cancer patients

 

Foods that lower the risks of cancer: fruits and vegetables, low fat foods, fish, olives, peanuts, avocadoes, tuna, salmon, sardines, beans, red wine, and grape juice. Brocolli, cauliflower, chinese green tea, lycopene in tomatoes and water melon. soy foods, carrots, vitamins a and c and e, iron, selenium and molybdenum

 

All fruits are good because most of them pack alot of antioxidant which prevent oxidative damage and minerals which prevent cancers  Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, being vaccinated against certain infectious diseases, not eating too much red meat, and avoiding too much exposure to sunlight.

Aspirin protects against gastric and colon cancers as well as preventing stroke in hypertension

In conclusion eating the right foods is likely to stop cancer before it starts as wearing  a seat belt is likely to lower the risk fatal injury in a car accident.

CANCER

Discussion  Led by

Dr F Akwaw Yamoah - AR 17

Genral Surgeon, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital

 

 

Notes summarised by

"Big" Joe Appiah -AR 199

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